SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Brahmic scripts</title>

</head>

Brahmic scripts

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the earlier script from which all of the Brahmic scripts derived, see <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjad</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left">

<div class="legend">  <a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left">

<div class="legend">  <a href="Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Ethiopic</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Northern_Brahmic">North Indic</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Southern_Brahmic">South Indic</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabetical</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left">

<div class="legend">  <a href="Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Neo-Tifinagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a></div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Logogram" title="Logogram">Logographic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left">

<div class="legend">  <a href="Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Hanzi</a></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left">

<div class="legend">  <a href="Cherokee_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee script">Cherokee</a></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Hybrids</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left">

<div class="legend">  <a href="Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese</a> (Logographic and syllabic)</div> <div class="legend">  <a href="Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> (Alphabetic and syllabic)</div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></td></tr></tbody></table>

The <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> and its descendants</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Northern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a>

<ul><li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Landa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kamarupi_script" title="Kamarupi script">Kamarupi</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a>

<ul><li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gaudi_script" title="Gaudi script">Gaudi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li>

<li><a href="Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="Phagspa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagspa script">Phagspa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a>

<ul><li>Marchung</li>

<li>Pungs-chen</li>

<li>Pungs-chung</li>

<li>Drusha</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tamyig" title="Tamyig">Tamyig</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocharian alphabet">Tocharian</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Southern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a>

<li>Proto-Tai script?

<ul><li><a href="Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a>

<li><a href="Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a>

<ul><li><a href="Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>

<li><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li>

<li><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Incung_script" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lampung_script" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li>

<li><a href="Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li>

<li><a href="Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a>

<ul><li><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kulitan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulitan alphabet">Kulitan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Pwo_alphabet" title="Western Pwo alphabet">Western Pwo Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="S'gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">S'gaw Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li>

<li>Lik-Tai scripts

<li><a href="Khamti_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamti script">Khamti</a></li>

<li><a href="Mon_alphabet" title="Mon alphabet">Modern Mon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a>

<ul><li><a href="Telugu-Kannada_alphabet" title="Telugu-Kannada alphabet">Telugu-Kannada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .abchis-body{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .abchis-title{text-align:center}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("./mw/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks abchis-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="History_of_the_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="treeview">

<ul><li><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a> 32nd <abbr title="century">c.</abbr> BCE

<ul><li><a href="Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a> 32nd c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a> 7th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a> 3rd c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a> 19th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a> 15th c. BCE</li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Ancient South Arabian</a> 9th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 5th c. BCE</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE

<ul><li>(see <a href="#tp-abchistory-phx">below</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443</li>

<li><a href="Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1601</li>

<li><a href="Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a> 1989</li></ul>

</div>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Paleo-Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hebrew">Paleo-Hebrew</a> 10th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a> 6th c. BCE</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> 8th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Kushan_script" title="Kushan script">Unknown Kushan script</a> 600–200 BCE</li>

<li><a href="Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a> 3rd c. BCE</li>

<li><a href="Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> 3rd c. BCE

<ul><li>(<a href="Brahmic_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family">Brahmic</a>)

<ul><li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> 4th century

<ul><li><a href="Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a> 4th century</li>

<li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> 6th century</li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> 611</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> 7th century

<ul><li><a href="%CA%BCPhags-pa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʼPhags-pa">ʼPhags-pa</a> 1269</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10th century

<ul><li><a href="Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a> 1840</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> 3rd c. BCE</li>

<li><a href="Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> 2nd c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> 4th century</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a> 1st c. BCE</li>

<li><a href="Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a> 2nd c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> 4th century

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> 1st century

<ul><li><a href="Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a> 2nd century

<ul><li><a href="Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a> 8th century

<ul><li><a href="Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 650</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> 1204</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a> 2nd century</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> 8th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Etruscan</a> 8th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> 7th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a> 1854</li>

<li><a href="Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a> 19th century</li>

<li><a href="Blackfoot_language#Syllabic_writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> 1888</li>

<li><a href="Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a> 1915</li>

<li><a href="Saanich_dialect#Writing_system" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a> 1978</li>

<li><a href="Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a> 2006</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> 2nd century</li>

<li><a href="Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> 4th century</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a> 5th c. BCE</li>

<li><a href="Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a> 3rd century</li>

<li><a href="Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> 3rd century</li>

<li><a href="Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> 405

<ul><li><a href="Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 420</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 430</li>

<li><a href="Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> 862</li>

<li><a href="Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 940

<ul><li><a href="Old_Permic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Permic">Old Permic</a> 1372</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Libyco-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber">Libyco-Berber</a> 10th c. BCE

<ul><li><a href="Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> 4th century

<ul><li><a href="Tifinagh#Neo-Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a> 1970</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Paleohispanic_scripts" title="Paleohispanic scripts">Paleohispanic</a> 7th c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr></tbody></table>

The Brahmic scripts, also known as Indic scripts, are a family of <a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> <a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a>. They are descended from the <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> of <a href="Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">ancient India</a> and are used by various languages in several language families in <a href="South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a>, <a href="East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>: <a href="Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a>, <a href="Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>, <a href="Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a>, <a href="Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a>, <a href="Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a>, <a href="Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a>, and <a href="Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai</a>. They were also the source of the <a href="Collation" title="Collation">dictionary order</a> (<a href="Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a>) of <a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> <a href="Kana" title="Kana">kana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Frellesvig-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

Brahmic scripts descended from the <a href="Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Brāhmī script">Brahmi script</a>. Brahmi is clearly attested from the 3rd century BCE during the reign of <a href="Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>, who used the script <a href="Edicts_of_Ashoka" title="Edicts of Ashoka">for imperial edicts</a>. Northern Brahmi gave rise to the <a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta script</a> during the <a href="Gupta_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupta period">Gupta period</a>, which in turn diversified into a number of cursives during the <a href="Middle_kingdoms_of_India" title="Middle kingdoms of India">medieval period</a>. Notable examples of such medieval scripts, developed by the 7th or 8th century, include <a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a>, <a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a> and <a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a>.

The <a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ script</a> was especially important in <a href="Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, as many <a href="Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a> were written in it. The art of Siddham <a href="Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> survives today in <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The tabular presentation and <a href="Collation" title="Collation">dictionary order</a> of the modern <a href="Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> system of Japanese writing is believed to be descended from the Indic scripts, most likely through the <a href="Spread_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Spread of Buddhism">spread of Buddhism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Frellesvig-1">[1]</a>

Southern Brahmi evolved into the <a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a>, <a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> and <a href="Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> scripts, which in turn diversified into other scripts of South India and Southeast Asia. Brahmic scripts spread in a peaceful manner, <a href="Indianization_of_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianization of Southeast Asia">Indianization</a>, or the spread of Indian learning. The scripts spread naturally to Southeast Asia, at ports on trading routes.<a href="#cite_note-Court-2">[2]</a> At these trading posts, ancient inscriptions have been found in Sanskrit, using scripts that originated in India. At first, inscriptions were made in Indian languages, but later the scripts were used to write the local Southeast Asian languages. Hereafter, local varieties of the scripts were developed. By the 8th century, the scripts had diverged and separated into regional scripts.<a href="#cite_note-Spread-3">[3]</a>

<div class="gallerytext">A fragment of <a href="Edicts_of_Ashoka" title="Edicts of Ashoka">Ashoka's 6th pillar edict</a>, in <a href="Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a>, the ancestor of all Brahmic scripts</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Spread of Brahmic family of scripts (and Kharosthi) from the subcontinent.</div>

</li>

</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div>

<table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By script</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Arabic_calligraphy" title="Arabic calligraphy">Arabic</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Islamic</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkish_calligraphy" title="Turkish calligraphy">Turkish</a></li>

<li><a href="Persian_calligraphy" title="Persian calligraphy">Persian</a></li></ul></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Indian_calligraphy" title="Indian calligraphy">Indian</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_calligraphy" title="Tibetan calligraphy">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Serbian_calligraphy" title="Serbian calligraphy">Serbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_calligraphy" title="Georgian calligraphy">Georgian</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Hanzi</a>-based

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Korean_calligraphy" title="Korean calligraphy">Korean</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_calligraphy" title="Japanese calligraphy">Japanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Vietnamese_calligraphy" title="Vietnamese calligraphy">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>

<ul><li><a href="Western_calligraphy" title="Western calligraphy">Western</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mongolian_calligraphy" title="Mongolian calligraphy">Mongolian</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr></tbody></table>

Some characteristics, which are present in most but not all the scripts, are:

<ul><li>Each <a href="Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> has an <a href="Inherent_vowel" title="Inherent vowel">inherent vowel</a> which is usually a short ‘<a href="Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">ə</a>’ (in <a href="Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> and <a href="Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, the phoneme is /<a href="Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>/ due to sound shifts). Other vowels are written by adding to the character. A <a href="Diacritic" title="Diacritic">mark</a>, known in <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> as a <a href="Virama" title="Virama">virama</a>/<a href="Halanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Halanta">halanta</a>/<a href="Hasanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasanta">hasanta</a>, can be used to indicate the absence of an inherent vowel, although it is rarely used.</li>

<li>Each vowel has two forms, an independent form when not attached to a consonant, and a dependent form, when attached to a consonant. Depending on the script, the dependent forms can be either placed to the left of, to the right of, above, below, or on both the left and the right sides of the base consonant.</li>

<li>Consonants (up to 4 in Devanagari) can be combined in <a href="Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligatures</a>. Special marks are added to denote the combination of 'r' with another consonant.</li>

<li><a href="Nasalization" title="Nasalization">Nasalization</a> and <a href="Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspiration</a> of a consonant's dependent vowel is also noted by separate signs.</li>

<li>The <a href="Alphabetical_order" title="Alphabetical order">alphabetical order</a> is: <a href="Vowels" class="mw-redirect" title="Vowels">vowels</a>, <a href="Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar consonants</a>, <a href="Palatal_consonants" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal consonants">palatal consonants</a>, <a href="Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex consonants</a>, <a href="Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental consonants</a>, <a href="Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">bilabial consonants</a>, <a href="Approximants" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximants">approximants</a>, <a href="Sibilants" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibilants">sibilants</a>, and other consonants. Each consonant grouping had four <a href="Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">stops</a> (with all four possible values of voicing and aspiration), and a <a href="Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal consonant</a>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison">Comparison</h2></div>

<table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 125%; padding-bottom: 0.5em;"><a href="Indic_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Indic letters">Indic letters</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Consonants</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Vowels</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Other marks</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Chandrabindu" title="Chandrabindu">Chandrabindu</a></li>

<li><a href="Anusvara" title="Anusvara">Anusvara</a></li>

<li><a href="Visarga" title="Visarga">Visarga</a></li>

<li><a href="Virama" title="Virama">Virama</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuqta" title="Nuqta">Nuqta</a></li>

<li><a href="Avagraha" title="Avagraha">Avagraha</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Punctuation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Da%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Daṇḍa">Daṇḍa</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

Below are comparison charts of several of the major Indic scripts, organised on the principle that glyphs in the same column all derive from the same Brahmi glyph. Accordingly:

<ul><li>The charts are not comprehensive. Glyphs may be unrepresented if they are later inventions not derived from any Brahmi character.</li>

<li>The pronunciations of glyphs in the same column may not be identical. The pronunciation row is only representative; the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) pronunciation is given for <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> where possible, or another language if necessary.</li></ul>

The transliteration is indicated in <a href="ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll{margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:1em;max-height:75vh;max-width:max-content;min-width:50px;overflow-y:auto}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll table{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll caption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-row1:not(.sticky-table-row2):not(.sticky-table-head)>thead>tr:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-row1:not(.sticky-table-row2):not(.sticky-table-head)>caption+tbody>tr:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-row1:not(.sticky-table-row2):not(.sticky-table-head)>tbody:first-child>tr:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-row2:not(.sticky-table-row1):not(.sticky-table-head)>thead>tr:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-row2:not(.sticky-table-row1):not(.sticky-table-head)>caption+tbody>tr:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-row2:not(.sticky-table-row1):not(.sticky-table-head)>tbody:first-child>tr:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-head:not(.sticky-table-row1):not(.sticky-table-row2)>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-col1:not(.sticky-table-col2)>*>tr>:nth-child(1):not(.sticky-table-none),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .sticky-table-col2:not(.sticky-table-col1)>*>tr>:nth-child(2):not(.sticky-table-none),.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll tr>.sticky-table-left{position:sticky;left:0;z-index:9}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll table:not(.wikitable){background-color:var(--color-inverted,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll thead,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll tbody,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll tfoot,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll tr,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll td,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll table:not(.wikitable)>*>tr>th{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .wikitable{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;border-width:1px 0 0 1px}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .wikitable>*>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .wikitable>*>tr>th{border-width:0 1px 1px 0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .static-row-numbers.wikitable>*>tr::before{border-right-width:1px}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody>tr:last-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .static-row-numbers.wikitable>tfoot>tr:last-child::before{border-bottom-width:1px}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody:first-of-type>tr:not(.static-row-header)::before{border-top-width:0;border-left-width:0}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .overflowed,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .overflowed .content-table{overflow:visible}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .overflowed{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .scroll-right.overflowed .content-table-right{box-shadow:none;border-left:none}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .wikitable{padding:0}html.ve-activated .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll{max-height:none}}@media screen and (max-width:639px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll table,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll table,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll table,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .jquery-tablesorter:not(.sticky-table-head)>thead,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .mw-sticky-header:not(.sticky-table-head)>thead{position:static;top:auto;z-index:auto}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .jquery-tablesorter>tfoot,.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll .mw-sticky-header>tfoot{position:static;bottom:auto;z-index:auto}}@media screen and (min-width:1120px){html.client-js.vector-sticky-header-enabled .mw-parser-output .sticky-table-scroll :not(.sticky-table-head) .mw-sticky-header-element{top:auto!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="sticky-table-scroll" style="scrollbar-gutter: stable;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1303987615">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,.mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,.mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort{padding-right:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.2em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable th.headerSort{background-position:right bottom 0.2em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable th.headerSort{background-position:center bottom 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable th.headerSort,.mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable th.unsortable,.mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable th.headerSort,.mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.2em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable{padding-bottom:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:0.9em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort,.mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort{padding-top:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em}}@media screen and (pointer:coarse){html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:right bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:center bottom 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,.mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,.mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,.mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.6em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.8em}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.5em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1304002105">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hover-highlight tr:hover,.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable tr:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#f1f4fd);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<th>ṯa

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Ashoka Brahmi</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Bengali-Assamese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali-Assamese script">Bengali- Assamese</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-grantha{font-family:"Noto Serif Grantha","Noto Sans Grantha"}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>𑌕</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 80%;"><a href="Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a>

</th>

<td>ഺ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei Mayek</a><a href="#cite_note-Meitei-6">[c]</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-Mtei,.mw-parser-output .script-mtei,.mw-parser-output .script-meetei_mayek,.mw-parser-output .script-meithei{font-family:"Noto Sans Meetei Mayek","Eeyek","Eeyek Unicode","Nirmala UI"}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>ꯀ</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Tirhuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhuta">Tirhuta</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Prachalit_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Prachalit script">Newa Prachalit</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Sylheti_Nagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylheti Nagari">Sylheti Nagari</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-syloti{font-family:"Surma","Noto Sans Syloti Nagri"}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>ꠇ</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a><a href="#cite_note-Chakma-7">[d]</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a>

</th>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Khmer_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer alphabet">Khmer</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-khmer{font-family:"Khmer Busra","Khmer Mondulkiri","Khmer OS","Khmer OS Battambang","Khmer OS Boker","Khmer OS Content","Khmer OS Fasthand","Khmer OS Freehand","Khmer OS Metal Chrieng","Khmer OS Muol","Khmer OS Muol Pali","Khmer OS Siemreap","Khmer OS System","Khmer Oureang","Khmer Ratanakiri","KH Freehand","Kh Metal Chrieng","Kh Bokor",Hanuman,"Noto Sans Khmer","Noto Serif Khmer","Khmer UI","Leelawadee UI",DaunPenh}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>ក</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-kawi{font-family:"Noto Sans Kawi","Tantular Kawi","Krisna Aksara"}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>𑼒

</td>

<td>𑼓

</td>

<td>𑼔

</td>

<td>𑼕

</td>

<td>𑼖

</td>

<td>𑼗

</td>

<td>𑼘

</td>

<td>𑼙

</td>

<td>𑼚

</td>

<td>𑼛

</td>

<td>𑼜

</td>

<td>𑼝

</td>

<td>𑼞

</td>

<td>𑼟

</td>

<td>𑼠

</td>

<td>𑼡

</td>

<td>𑼢

</td>

<td>𑼣

</td>

<td>𑼤

</td>

<td>𑼥

</td>

<td>𑼳

</td>

<td>𑼦

</td>

<td>𑼧

</td>

<td>𑼨

</td>

<td>𑼩

</td>

<td>𑼪

</td>

<td>𑼫

</td>

</td>

<td>𑼬

</td>

</td>

<td>𑼭

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>𑼮

</td>

<td>𑼯

</td>

<td>𑼰

</td>

<td>𑼱

</td>

<td>𑼲

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Balinese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Balinese alphabet">Balinese</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-bali{font-family:"Noto Sans Balinese","Tantular Bali","Noto Serif Balinese","Aksara Bali"}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>ᬓ

</td>

<td>ᬔ

</td>

<td>ᬕ

</td>

<td>ᬖ

</td>

<td>ᬗ

</td>

<td>ᬘ

</td>

<td>ᬙ

</td>

<td>ᬚ

</td>

<td>ᬛ

</td>

<td>ᬜ

</td>

<td>ᬝ

</td>

<td>ᬞ

</td>

<td>ᬟ

</td>

<td>ᬠ

</td>

<td>ᬡ

</td>

<td>ᬢ

</td>

<td>ᬣ

</td>

<td>ᬤ

</td>

<td>ᬥ

</td>

<td>ᬦ

</td>

<td>ᭌ

</td>

<td>ᬧ

</td>

<td>ᬨ

</td>

<td>ᬩ

</td>

<td>ᬪ

</td>

<td>ᬫ

</td>

<td>ᬬ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᬭ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᬮ

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ᬯ

</td>

<td>ᬰ

</td>

<td>ᬱ

</td>

<td>ᬲ

</td>

<td>ᬳ

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a><a href="#cite_note-jav-11">[h]</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Sundanese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundanese alphabet">Sundanese</a>

</th>

<td>ᮊ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮌ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮍ

</td>

<td>ᮎ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮏ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮑ

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮒ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮓ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮔ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮕ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮘ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮙ

</td>

<td>ᮚ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮛ

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮜ

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮝ

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ᮞ

</td>

<td>ᮠ

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Lontara_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara alphabet">Lontara</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-lontara{font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,"Leelawadee UI","Noto Sans Buginese",Code2000}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>ᨀ</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a>

</th>

<td>𑻠

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻡

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻢

</td>

<td>𑻩

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻪

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻫

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻦

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻧

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻨

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻣

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻤

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻥

</td>

<td>𑻬

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻭

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻮

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻯

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>𑻰

</td>

<td>𑻱

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Batak_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak alphabet">Batak</a> (Toba)

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-baybayin{font-family:"Tagalog Stylized","Baybayin Lopez","Tagalog Doctrina 1593","Noto Sans Tagalog","Noto Sans Hanunoo",Code2000}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>ᜃ</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Hanunuo_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanunuo script">Hanunuo</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-tagbanwa{font-family:"Noto Sans Tagbanwa","Tagbanwa","Quivira",Code2000}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>ᝣ</td>

</td></tr>

<th>ṯa

</th></tr></tbody></table>

</div>

<dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">

<li id="cite_note-iso-4"><a href="#cite_ref-iso_4-0">^</a> This list tries to include characters of same origins, not same sounds. In <a href="Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a> র is pronounced as rô but it is originally va which is still used for wa sound in <a href="Mithilakshar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithilakshar">Mithilakshar</a> and modern <a href="Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a> ৱ (wabbô) was derived from middle Assamese র (wô). Compare with জ (ja) য (ya) and য় (ẏ) which are pronounced as jô, jô and e̯ô in Bengali and zô, zô and yô in Assamese respectively. য is related to Devanagari य (ya) and it is still pronounced as "ya" in Mithilakshar. Since their sounds shifted, the dots were added to keep the original sounds.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Tibt-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Tibt_5-0">^</a> Letter used in <a href="Balti_language" title="Balti language">Balti</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Meitei-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Meitei_6-0">^</a> includes supplementary consonants not in contemporary use

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Chakma-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Chakma_7-0">^</a> inherent vowel is ā

</li>

<li id="cite_note-taitham-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-taitham_8-15">p</a> Modified forms of these letters are or were used for distinctions made in local language; these distinctions are not made for Sanskrit and Pali.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-thai-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thai_9-8">i</a> Modified forms of these letters are or were used for distinctions made in Thai; these distinctions are not made for Sanskrit and Pali in the Thai script.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-lao-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lao_10-13">n</a> These letters are obsolete, but were used mainly for Sanskrit and Pali in the Lao script.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-jav-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jav_11-13">n</a> Letters used in <a href="Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>. They are now obsolete, but are used for honorifics in contemporary Javanese.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-su-kha-12"><a href="#cite_ref-su-kha_12-0">^</a> Invented new character to represent the Arabic letter <a href="%D8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="خ">خ</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-su-old-13"><a href="#cite_ref-su-old_13-0">^</a> Letter used in <a href="Old_Sundanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Sundanese">Old Sundanese</a>. It is now obsolete.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-su-sya-14"><a href="#cite_ref-su-sya_14-0">^</a> Invented new character. Actually to represent the Arabic letter <a href="%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a>, which has similar pronunciation with śa.

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3></div>

Vowels are presented in their independent form on the left of each column, and in their corresponding dependent form (vowel sign) combined with the consonant k on the right. A glyph for ka is an independent consonant letter itself without any vowel sign, where the vowel a is <a href="Inherent_vowel" title="Inherent vowel">inherent</a>.

</th>

<th>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>kau

</th>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Ashoka Brahmi

</th>

<td>𑀓𑁅

</td>

<td>𑀓𑁆

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Devanagari

</th>

<td>कौ

</td>

<td>कः

</td>

<td>क्

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Bengali- Assamese

</th>

<td>কৌ

</td>

<td>ক্

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Gujarati

</th>

<td>કૌ

</td>

<td>ક્,ક્‍

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Odia

</th>

<td>କୌ

</td>

<td>କ୍

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Gurmukhi

</th>

<td>ਕੌ

</td>

<td>ਕ੍

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Meitei Mayek<a href="#cite_note-Meitei-16">[b]</a>

</th>

<td>ꯀꯧ

</td>

<td>ꯛ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tibetan<a href="#cite_note-noindvowel-17">[c]</a>

</th>

<td>ཀཽ

</td>

<td>ཀ྄

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Lepcha<a href="#cite_note-noindvowel-17">[c]</a>

</th>

<td>ᰀᰩ

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Limbu<a href="#cite_note-noindvowel-17">[c]</a>

</th>

<td>ᤁᤦ

</td>

<td>ᤁ᤻

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tirhuta

</th>

<td>𑒏𑒾

</td>

<td>𑒏𑓂

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Kaithi

</th>

<td>𑂍𑂸

</td>

<td>𑂍𑂹

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Newa Prachalit

</th>

<td>𑐎𑑁

</td>

<td>𑐎𑑅

</td>

<td>𑐎𑑂

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Sylheti Nagari

</th>

</td>

<td>ꠇ꠆

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tamil

</th>

<td>கௌ

</td>

<td>க்

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Kannada

</th>

<td>ಕೌ

</td>

<td>ಕ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Telugu

</th>

<td>కౌ

</td>

<td>క్

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Sinhala

</th>

<td>කෞ

</td>

<td>ක්

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Malayalam

</th>

<td>കൗ

</td>

<td>ക്,ക്‍

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Chakma

</th>

<td>𑄇𑄯

</td>

<td>𑄇𑄴

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Burmese

</th>

<td>ကောင်

</td>

<td>က်

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tai Tham

</th>

<td>ᨠᩮᩢᩣ,ᨠᩮᩫᩣ,ᨠᩯᩣ

</td>

<td>ᨠ᩺,ᨠ᩼

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>ᦂᧁ

</td>

<td>ᧅ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Khmer<a href="#cite_note-vkhmer-18">[d]</a>

</th>

<td>កៅ

</td>

<td>ក៑

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>เกา

</td>

<td>กฺ (ก/ก์)

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>ເກົາ,ກາວ

</td>

<td>ກ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Cham

</th>

<td>ꨆꨯꨱ

</td>

<td>ꩀ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Kawi

</th>

<td>𑼄

</td>

<td>𑼒

</td>

<td>𑼅

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼴

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>𑼆

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼶

</td>

<td>𑼇

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼷

</td>

<td>𑼈

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼸

</td>

<td>𑼉

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼹

</td>

<td>𑼎

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼾

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>𑼏

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼿

</td>

<td>𑼐

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼾𑼴

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>𑼐𑼴

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼿𑼴

</td>

<td>𑼄𑽀

</td>

<td>𑼒𑽀

</td>

<td>𑼊

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼺

</td>

<td>𑼊𑼴

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼺𑼴

</td>

<td>𑼌

</td>

<td>𑼒𑽂𑼌

</td>

<td>𑼍

</td>

<td>𑼒𑽂𑼭𑽀𑼴

</td>

<td>𑼄𑼁

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼁

</td>

<td>𑼄𑼃

</td>

<td>𑼒𑼃

</td>

<td>𑼒𑽁

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Balinese

</th>

<td>ᬓᭁ

</td>

<td>ᬅᭂ

</td>

<td>ᬓ᭄

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Javanese

</th>

<td>ꦏꦻꦴ

</td>

<td>ꦏ꧀

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Sundanese

</th>

</td>

<td>ᮈ

</td>

<td>ᮊ᮪

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Lontara

</th>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Makasar

</th>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Rejang

</th>

<td>ꤰꥌ

</td>

<td>ꤰ꥓

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Batak (Toba)

</th>

</td>

<td>ᯂ᯲

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Baybayin

</th>

</td>

<td>ᜃ᜔

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Buhid

</th>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Hanunuo

</th>

</td>

<td>ᜣ᜴

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tagbanwa

</th>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>kau

</th>

<th>k

</th></tr>

<th colspan="2">au

</th>

<th>

</th></tr></tbody></table></div>

Notes

<li id="cite_note-vrare-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vrare_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vrare_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vrare_15-2">c</a> Letters for r̥̄, l̥, l̥̄ and a few others are obsolete or very rarely used.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Meitei-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Meitei_16-0">^</a> includes supplementary vowels not in contemporary use

</li>

<li id="cite_note-noindvowel-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noindvowel_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noindvowel_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noindvowel_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noindvowel_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noindvowel_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noindvowel_17-5">f</a> Tibetan, Lepcha, Limbu, New Tai Lue, Thai and Lao scripts do not have independent vowel forms. For syllables starting with a vowel sound, a "zero" consonant (ཨ, อ or ອ respectively) is used to represent the glottal stop /ʔ/.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-vkhmer-18"><a href="#cite_ref-vkhmer_18-0">^</a> When used to write their own languages, Khmer can have either an a or an o as the inherent vowel, following the rules of its orthography.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-su-vowel-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-su-vowel_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-su-vowel_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-su-vowel_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-su-vowel_19-3">d</a> Letters used in Old Sundanese. They are now obsolete.

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3></div>

<th><a href="Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Hindu-Arabic</a></th>

<th>9

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Brahmi numbers

</th>

<td>𑁚

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Brahmi digits

</th>

<td>𑁯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Bengali- Assamese

</th>

<td>৯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tirhuta

</th>

<td>𑓙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Odia

</th>

<td>୯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Devanagari

</th>

<td>९

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Gujarati

</th>

<td>૯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Modi

</th>

<td>𑙙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Sharada

</th>

<td>𑇙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Takri

</th>

<td>𑛉

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Gurmukhi

</th>

<td>੯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Khudabadi

</th>

<td>𑋹

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%">Meitei (Manipuri)

</th>

<td>꯹

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Pracalit

</th>

<td>𑑙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tibetan

</th>

<td>༩

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Mongolian<a href="#cite_note-Mongolian-20">[a]</a>

</th>

<td>᠙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Lepcha

</th>

<td>᱉

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Limbu

</th>

<td>᥏

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Sinhala astrological numbers

</th>

<td>෯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Sinhala archaic numbers

</th>

<td>𑇩

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tamil

</th>

<td>௯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Telugu

</th>

<td>౯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Kannada

</th>

<td>೯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Malayalam

</th>

<td>൯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Saurashtra

</th>

<td>꣙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Ahom

</th>

<td>𑜹

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Chakma

</th>

<td>𑄿

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Burmese

</th>

<td>၉

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Tai Tham Astrological Numbers<a href="#cite_note-Hora-21">[b]</a>

</th>

<td>᪉

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">New Tai Lue

</th>

<td>᧙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Shan

</th>

<td>႙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Khmer

</th>

<td>៩

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Thai

</th>

<td>๙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Lao

</th>

<td>໙

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>᪙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Cham

</th>

<td>꩙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Balinese

</th>

<td>᭙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Javanese

</th>

<td>꧙

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th style="font-size: 75%;">Sundanese

</th>

<td>᮹

</td></tr>

<th>Hindu-Arabic</th>

<th>9

</th></tr></tbody></table>

Notes

<li id="cite_note-Mongolian-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Mongolian_20-0">^</a> Mongolian numerals are derived from Tibetan numerals and used in conjunction with the Mongolian and Clear script

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Hora-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Hora_21-0">^</a> for everyday use

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Tham-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Tham_22-0">^</a> for liturgical use

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Brahmic_scripts">List of Brahmic scripts</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3></div>

The Brahmi script was already divided into regional variants at the time of the earliest surviving epigraphy around the 3rd century BC. Cursives of the Brahmi script began to diversify further from around the 5th century AD and continued to give rise to new scripts throughout the Middle Ages. The main division in antiquity was between northern and <a href="Tamil_Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Brahmi">southern Brahmi</a>. In the northern group, the <a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta script</a> was very influential, and in the southern group the <a href="Vatteluttu_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatteluttu alphabet">Vatteluttu</a> and <a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a>/<a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> scripts with the <a href="Hinduism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Hinduism in Southeast Asia">spread of Buddhism</a> sent Brahmic scripts throughout Southeast Asia.

<td colspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-size: 100%;">Early Brahmic scripts

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></th>

<th><a href="Girnar" title="Girnar">Girnar</a></th>

<th><a href="Chandragupta_I" title="Chandragupta I">Chandragupta</a></th>

<th><a href="Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></th>

<th><a href="Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></th>

<th><a href="Narbada_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbada script">Narbada</a></th>

<th><a href="Kistna_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kistna script">Kistna</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Malabar_script" title="Malabar script">Malabar script</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Brahmic">Northern Brahmic</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a>, 4th century

<ul><li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a>

<ul><li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Landa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a>

<ul><li><a href="Takri_script#Varieties" title="Takri script">Chamba</a></li>

<li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li>

<li><a href="Sirmauri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirmauri script">Sirmauri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a>

<ul><li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sylheti_Nagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylheti Nagari">Sylheti Nagari</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kamarupi_script" title="Kamarupi script">Kamarupi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gaudi_script" title="Gaudi script">Gaudi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese (Eastern Nagari)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[4]</a></li>

<li><a href="Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta (Mithilakshar)</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meetei Mayek</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a>

<ul><li>Marchung</li>

<li>Pungs-chen</li>

<li>Pungs-chung</li>

<li>Drusha</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a> (Slanting Brahmi)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Brahmic">Southern Brahmic</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a>, 2nd century BC

<ul><li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari/Tulu</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Thirke" title="Thirke">Thirke</a></li></ul></li>